Pronouns:

Personal Pronouns:

1st Person (Singular): yiva
2nd Person (Singular): luva
3rd Person Masculine (Singular): dara
3rd Person Feminine (Singular): mora
3rd Person Common (Singular): tira
3rd Person Neuter (Singular): ye
1st Person (Plural): nira
2nd Person (Plural): vora
3rd Person (Plural): gira

Possessive Pronouns:

1st Person (Singular): yivan
2nd Person (Singular): luvan
3rd Person Masculine (Singular): daran
3rd Person Feminine (Singular): moran
3rd Person Common (Singular): tiran
3rd Person Neuter (Singular): yen
1st Person (Plural): niran
2nd Person (Plural): voran
3rd Person (Plural): giran

- Personal pronouns as subjects cannot be omitted.
- Pronouns can be used as subject, direct object or indirect object of the sentence.
- The personal pronoun “ye” (it) can be omitted when object of the sentence.
- Neuter pronoun is used with inanimate objects, and animals whose gender is not known. It cannot be used with children or babies.
- When someone’s gender is not known or left undisclosed, the common pronoun is used.

Example:

- Someone was here, they stole something
vrilo qire inlu, tira tula qirle
[‘past particle’ someone here, they steal something]

Relative Pronouns:

- Relative sentences are separated by commas.
- Relative pronouns always begin the relative sentence. With the exception of prepositions, which will appear before them.

Non-Defining Relative Sentences:

- Non-defining relative sentences provide new information that is not essential and can be omitted.
- When referring to an inanimate noun, the relative pronoun “ana dra” will be used.
- When referring to an animate noun, the relative pronoun “ana” will be used.

Examples:

- The Gods, who are our guides, will protect us
na deya’ni, ana niran amatan’ni, imora nira
[the gods, a our guides, protect us]

- Our family, which is our most precious treasure, must be protected
niran runlo, ana dra ina niran marirur’dilu godava, imori monder
[our family, a what the our most-precious treasure, protect-passive must]

Defining Relative Sentences:

- Defining relative sentences specify which noun is being referred to.
- When referring to an inanimate noun, the relative pronoun “dra” will be used.
- When referring to an animate noun, the relative pronoun “ina” will be used.

Examples:

- The Gods who love us will protect us
na deya’ni, ina yerina nira, imora nira
[the gods, the love us, protect us]

- The family that rules our nation must be protected
ina runlo, dra sirmina niran eskadu, imori monder
[the  family, what rule our nation, protect-passive must]